Concrete structure.



J. T. SIMPSON.

CONCRETE STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 7, m2

1 ,1 89,398. Patented July 4, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

J. T. SIMPSON.

CONCRETE STRUCTURE. APPLICATION FILED Nov. 1. 1912.

Patented July 4, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

M lnvegt or #4 M J fl k 7 11% /7 L Attorneys STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN THOMAS SIMPSON, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

CONCRETE STRUCTURE.

Application filed November 7, 1912.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN THOMAS SIMP- SON, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and residin in Newark, in the county of Essex and gtate of NewJersey, have invented a certain new and useful Concrete Structure, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to built-up concrete structures .withreinforcements, such as houses, schools, lofts, garages, hangars andother buildings.

The objects I have in view are to improve the strength and durability ofthe structure,

reduce cost, improve the appearance, and

reduce the time and labor involved in erecting, also to reduce theexpenses due to transportation of the materials to the place where thestructure is to be erected.

These and further objects will more fully appear from the followingspecification and accompanying drawings, considered together orseparately.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a cross-section, of an end ofa twostory building, illustrating one embodiment of my invention andshowing the founda tion, floors and roof in section. Fig. 1*- is aperspective view of the form of slab employed. Fig. 1 is a perspectiveview of an interlocking bond member. Fig. 2 is a longitudinalcross-section, of the side wall of the structure, taken on the line 2-2of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section, of the structureshown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4: is a longitudinal cross-section, of the ceilingand floor construction, also shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a transversecross-section, of the floor'construction, taken on the line 55 ofFig. 1. Fig. 5 is a diagram of a portion of the structure shown in Fig.5.

h Fig. 6 is an enlarged longitudinal section,

through the wall and floor construction, the section being taken on theline 6-6 of Fig. 16. Fig. 7 is a cross-section through a rafter, of theroof construction, shown in Fig. 1, illustrating the tiles and joint ina finished condition. Fig. 8 is a similar View, of the rafter, beforethe application of the tiles and the completion of the joint. Fig. 9 isan enlarged longitudinal section, of the roof, wall, and ceilingconstruction, shown in Fig. 1,the section being taken on the line 99 ofFig. 16. Fig. 10 is a similar view, taken on the line 10-10 of Fig. 16,showing the bearings, of the rafter, on the wall. Fig. 11 is a detailfront elevation, of a portion of a building,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 4, 1916.

Serial No. 729,923.

showing an embodiment of the invention, with the outside slab removed.Fig. 12 is a section, taken on the line 2828 of F i 16. Fig. l3 is asection, taken on the line 2? 29 of Fig. 12. Fig. 14. is a perspectiveview, of the form of slab used for fitting under the eaves of abuilding. Fig. 15 is a similar view, of the form of slab used for thetop course of the interior walls; and Fig. 16' is a front elevation, ofa house built according to my invention, with the exterior slabsremoved, and the field molded elements shaded.

In all of the .views, like parts are designated by the same referencecharacters.

Briefly, the invention comprises a structure having factory-moldedelements and field molded elements, the two being combined andpermanently connected together by the operation of molding the latter.By factory molded elements, I mean those portions of the structure whichare not molded during the operation of constructing the building. Theymay be made in a factory, and shipped to the place where the structureis to be erected, or they may be molded upon the site where thestructure is to be erected. By field molded elements, I mean those partsof the structure which are molded during the operation of erecting thebuilding and on the site thereof. These two elements are combined sothat one kind of element will interlock with the reinforcements of theother kind of element, thus forming a unitary structure, in which thegreater portion will be factory molded.

I will first describe my invention in connection with a two-storybuilding, with double walls and concrete roof.

Referring to Fig. 1, the finished floor of the building is indicated bythe reference character 1. This may be made of concrete, in the usualmanner. I then make a footing course 2, of concrete, thus forming thefoundation for the walls. This foundation is formed of slabs, 3, 3, witha concrete filling between the slabs. These slabs are made of reinforcedconcrete, with the reinforcements 62 projecting beyond the ends. Atypical slab is illustrated in Fig. l, the reinforcement extendingbeyond the edges in the form of loops. For simplicity and cheapnes's, Iprefer to make all of the slabs, out of which the building is made, ofone size, so far as is possible.

Before describing the manner of erecting the building, I will firstexplain thedetails illustrated in Fig. 1, referring to other figuresonly to explain features not shown in this figure.

Above the foundation, formed of slabs 3, 3, and filling 4, is a courseof interlocking bonding members 5, forming a base course. These membersare preferably the same length as the slabs, and have joints in linewith the joints of the slabs. A typical bonding member is shown in Fig.1 the reinforcement extending beyond the ends thereof in the form ofloops 63. Above the bonding member are arranged wall slabs 6, 6, of thesame shape and character as the slabs 3, 3. Above these slabs is aninterlocking bonding member 7, forming a sill coursefor the window 8.Above the window is an interlocking bonding member 9, forming a headcourse. Above this member 9 is an inner slab 10, and an outer slab 11.The outer slab 11 is preferably of the same dimensions as theprecedingly described slabs. The slab 10 is of less height. The upperedge of this slab is preferably beaded at 10", as shown in Fig. 15, soas to form a support for one edge of the ceiling slab, as will bedescribed. The upper corners of this slab are notched at 10*, toaccommodate the ends of the floor beams. The floor beams 14, rest uponthe slabs 10, and their ends project midway between such slab and theslab 11.

Between the slabs 10 and 11 is a reinforced spandrel beam 12, whichforms a. bearing for the floor beams. This spandrel beam is continuous,and as will be later described, is molded in place during the operationof erecting the building. Above the spandrel beam is an interlockingbonding member 13, at the floor line. The ceiling panels 15 arepreferably of reinforced concrete, and are attached to the ceiling beamsin the manner to be described. Between the panels 13 is a concrete joint16, cast in place. On the floor beams are reinforced slabs 17,preferably made substantially like the wall slabs, with projectingreinforcements extending beyond the edges. The figure shows woodsleepers 18, which support the usual wood floor 19, and base course 20.The second story comprises wall slabs 21, 21, resting upon the bondingmember 13, and supporting an interlocking bonding member 22, forming asill course. This member supports the window 23. Above the window is aninterlocking bonding member 24, forming a head course. On this member isan interior Wall slab 25, and an exterior wall slab 26. This slab 25 maybe identical with the slab 10, but the slab 26 is provided with athickened upper edge, having notches 26 for the reception of the rafters(see Fig. 14). Between the slabs 25 and 26 is a reinforced spandrel beamwhich supports the ceiling beam 28, and rafter 29. The roof ispreferably of metal, .with projecting portions 63, previously described.Each member has a channel 32, for the reception of a window frame ordoor frame, if used. On the side are notches 33, for supporting the topof the wall slabs, and a notch 34, for supporting the bottom of the wallslabs. It will be noticed that the notches 33 are inclined, and theupper edges of the slabs are correspondingly beveled so that a tightjoint is produced, and the slabs are also assisted in being held inplace during the erecting operation.

It will be noted that Fig. 1 shows no vertical members in the building.This is because the section is taken between such members. There is, asshown in Fig. 16, a vertical stud or post 35, between the ends of eachvertical row of slabs and bonding members, extending from the foundationto the roof. These studs help to. support the weight of the building;they tie the slabs and bonding members together, and also combine withthe spandrel beams to support the floors and roof. These studs are bestshown in Figs. 2, 13 and 16. In the embodiment chosen for illustration,these studs are rectangular in cross-section. Each is constructed bymeans of a temporary form 36, and each contains a metal reinforcement37. The form 36 may be made of any suitable material; I show wooden onesin Fig. 2. Each comprises side members 36 and end members 36 The endmembers 36 of these forms are preferably only of such a length as toextend the heightof a single story, for the reason that the casting ormolding operation, to be later herein described, is best done for onestory at a time. The side. members 36 extend only from one bondingmember to another, and their ends should be notched so as to accommodatethe channel 32, and notches 33 and 34,.so that a close joint will beproduced, and the concrete will not leak through the joint. Where thewindow dation, up to and including the member 5, is first erected. Theforms 36 are then placed in position, and the slabs 6, 6, bonding member7, windows 8, bonding members 9, and slabs 10' and 11, are successivelyplaced in position. The floor beams 14, then are placed in position,being temporarily supported by the slabs 10. The reinforcements 37 ofthe studs are placed in position, either then or earlier, as is mostconvenient, and the reinforcements 12 for the spandrel beams (best shownin Fig. 6). The structure will now comprise the skeleton framework ofthe walls, consisting of slabs, bonding members, and floor beams,together with the necessary door and window frames, the

whole bein temporarily held in position by means of t e forms. (Themeans for supporting the molds are partially omitted from Fig. 2, astheir inclusion would tend to confuse. Any suitable means can beemployed, to support the forms in place, such as bolts connecting theoutside forms 36 and 36*, which will hold the slabs, and the inner forms36*, in position, as is shown to the left of Fig. 2). The shape of theincomplete structure is that of a single storied building, with doublewalls open at the top. The slabs 10 and 11 form an opened top mold,containing the reinforcement for the spandrel beam, the bottom beingformed of the continuous series of bonding members 9, while at intervalsare the vertical openings between the forms 36, containing thereinforcements 37.

It is to be understood that the slabs and bonding members do not comequite together, leaving a space into which the reinforcements project.(See Figs. 2 and 13.) Concrete may now be poured into this troughbetween the slabs 10 and 11, and will first enter the spaces between theforms below the bonding members 9, and will run down to the bondingmembers 5, and completely fill the spaces between the forms, and willincorporate itself with the projecting reinforcements of the slabs 10,11 and 6, 6, and bonding members 5, 7 and 8, thus producing the studs35. After these studs are completed, more concrete being introduced,will fill the space between the slabs 10 and 11, being poured to theheight of the slab 10, and will inclose the lower ends of the floorbeams, thus producing the spandrel beam. The reinforcements 62 and 63 onthe ends of the slabs and bonding members will engage the concreteforming the studs, and a strong structure will be produced. This firstmolding operation continues only to the height of the slab 10, which ison a level with the top of the lower flange of the floor beams, andbottom of the ceiling slab, this being indicated by the line XX on Figs.11 and 12. The next operation is to continue the molding of the studsfrom this point to the level of the top of the slab 11. This isconveniently accomplished by means of forms 11, 11 (Fig. 11) which restupon the top of the previously molded spandrel beam, and may have pins,11*, 11", which enter the concrete before it is 'set, so that the formsare held in place. These forms 11*, 11, define the sides of the stud,the front being defined by the form 36 which extends to this height(Fig. 2). The upper part of the stud is then molded by introducingconcrete between the forms 36 and 11, 11*. This part of the .stud willincorporate itself within the projecting portion of the floor beamreinforcement, as is shown. The second story is made in the same manner,the ceiling beams and rafters being molded into the second storyspandrel beams.

The details of the ceiling and floors are best illustrated in Figs. 4, 5and 5 The ceiling slabs 15 rest on the upper edge of the lower flange ofthe beam, and are so shaped that a joint an inch or so is left betweenadjacent slabs. This allows the parts to be manufactured cheaply withoutneed of accurate fit. A temporary form 38, is used, to mold the joint,and also to support the slab during the molding operation and until theconcrete is sufiiciently set. These forms 38 are held in position byplates or bridges 39, and supporting wires 40. The space between theedges of the slabs is filled with concrete, which enters the space underthe form, and unites with the projecting edges of the reinforcement,thus locking the parts firmly in position, and at the same time allowingfor expansion and contraction. The joint will project below the ceiling,thus giving a paneled eflect.

Figs. 5 and 5 show the projecting portion 14 of the floor beamreinforcement, which enters the joint between the floor slabs. Thereinforcement of these slabs also enters this space, and when the jointis completed by grouting concrete in the spaces, a permanent connectionis made.

The details of the roof are best shown in Figs. 7 to 10, inclusive. Eachrafter is made with the usual reinforcement 40, which has a projectingportion 41, above the upper face of the rafter, this projecting portionbeing in the form of a bar with inclined reinforcing members enteringthe rafter and connecting with the member 40*. The roofing tiles 30 haveraised portions 42, at their edges. These tiles are laid u on therafters, and a cement joint 43.is ma e (Fig. 7) cmbedding the projection41 and raised portion 42.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I havedescribed the principle of my invention, together with the apparatuswhich I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but Idesire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is merelyillustrative and that the invention can be carried out in other ways.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A reinforced concrete building comprising pre-molded vertical wallslabs hav-' of the field-molded element, said fieldhaving their ends,pre-molded beams having reinmolded element forming part of the exteriorof the wall of the building.

2. A reinforced concrete building comprising pre-molded vertical wallslabs having reinforcements projecting from their vertical edges,pre-molded bonding members reinforcements projecting from forcementsprojecting. from their ends, said bonding members engaging thehorizontal edges of the slabs, each having its ends substantiallycoincident with the vertical edges of a slab, an end of each beamresting on a horizontal edge of a slab, and a vertical field-moldedelement consisting of reinforced concrete extending the entire height ofthe structure and embedding the projecting reinforcements of the slabs,bonding members and beams during the formation of the field-moldedelement, said bonding and field molded elements forming part of theexterior of the wall of the build- A reinforced concrete buildingcomprising pre-molded floor beams having projecting reinforcements, saidbeing spaced apart and with their ends in alinement, and a horizontalfieldmolded element of reinforced concrete extending entirely around thebuilding and embedding the ends of and supporting the beams and theirprojecting reinforcements during the molding of the element, andveitical fieldmolded, load-carrying members of reinforced concretemolded integrally with and supporting the element.

4. A reinforced concrete building comprising pre-molded vertical wallslabs having projecting reinforcements, a plurality of verticalfield-molded elements of rein forced concrete spaced apart by and moldedaroundthe vertical edges of the slabs and embedding the ends of theslabs and the projecting reinforcements during the molding of theelement, pre-molded floor beams having projecting reinforcements, saidbeams being spaced .apart with their ends in alinement with the verticalelements, a horizontal field-molded spandrel beam of reinforced concreteextending entirely around the building, uniting with the verticalfieldmolded elements and embedding the ends of the floor beams and theirprojecting reinforcements during the molding of the spandrel beam, thereinforcements of the vertical field-molded element extending into thespandrel beam, the reinforcements of the spandrel beam extending intothe vertical field-molded element, the spandrel beam and verticalelement being molded at the same time to form a monolithic structure.

5. A concrete building comprising wide and narrow wall slabs, a notch inone side of each slab said slabs being spaced apart and verticallyarranged, a beam resting in the notch in the narrow slab, a horizontalspandrel beam between the slabs, a vertical stud embedding the ends ofthe slabs and of the beam, said stud uniting with the spandrel beam, anda rafter engaging the notch in the wide slab and resting on the spandrelbeam.

6. A building comprising a skeleton framework consisting of vertical andhorizontal reinforced concrete members, slabs filling the spaces betweenthe vertical and horizontal members, the edges of the slabs beingembedded in the members molded together to form an outer wall for thestructure, slabs similarly embedded in the members to form an inner wallfor the structure, certain of the slabs forming molds for the horizontalmembers.

This specification signed and witnessed this 24th day of October, 1912.

JOHN THOMAS SIMPSON. Witnesses:

PAULINE WESTRUP, BESSIE M. BALDWIN.

